#!/usr/bin/python
# Monitoring per-process disk I/O activity
# written by http://www.vpsee.com

import sys, os, time, signal, re

class DiskIO:
    def __init__(self, pname=None, pid=None, reads=0, writes=0):
        self.pname = pname
        self.pid = pid
        self.reads = 0
        self.writes = 0

def main():
    argc = len(sys.argv)
    if argc != 1:
        print "usage: ./iotop"
        sys.exit(0)

    if os.getuid() != 0:
        print "must be run as root"
        sys.exit(0)

    signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, signal_handler)
    os.system('echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump')
    print "TASK              PID       READ      WRITE"
    while True:
        os.system('dmesg -c > /tmp/diskio.log')
        l = []  
        f = open('/tmp/diskio.log', 'r')
        line = f.readline()
        while line:
            m = re.match(\
                '^(\S+)\((\d+)\): (READ|WRITE) block (\d+) on (\S+)', line)
            if m != None:
                if not l:      
                    l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
                    line = f.readline()
                    continue            
                found = False  
                for item in l:  
                    if item.pid == m.group(2):
                        found = True            
                        if m.group(3) == "READ":
                            item.reads = item.reads + 1
                        elif m.group(3) == "WRITE":
                            item.writes = item.writes + 1
                if not found:  
                    l.append(DiskIO(m.group(1), m.group(2)))
            line = f.readline()
        time.sleep(1)
        for item in l:
            print "%-10s %10s %10d %10d" % \
                (item.pname, item.pid, item.reads, item.writes)

def signal_handler(signal, frame):
    os.system('echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/block_dump')
    sys.exit(0)

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

# tar jxvf linux-2.6.30.5.tar.bz2
# mv linux-2.6.30.5 /usr/src/
# cd /usr/src/linux-2.6.30.5
# make menuconfig

# make; make modules; make modules_install; make install

# vi /boot/grub/menu.lst

# tar jxvf Python-2.6.2.tar.bz2
# cd Python-2.6.2
# ./configure
# make; make install

$ vi d.py
#!/usr/bin/python

def main():
        i, sum = 1, 0
        for i in xrange(100):
                sum = sum + i
        print sum

if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

$ python -m pdb d.py

$ python -m pdb 1.py
> d.py(3)()
-> def main():
(Pdb)

(Pdb) list
  1    #!/usr/bin/python
  2    
  3  ->  def main():
  4      i, sum = 1, 0
  5      for i in xrange(100):
  6        sum = sum + i
  7      print sum
  8    
  9    if __name__ == '__main__':
10      main()
[EOF]

(Pdb) next
> d.py(9)()
-> if __name__ == '__main__':

(Pdb) break d.py:6
Breakpoint 1 at d.py:6

(Pdb) list
  1    #!/usr/bin/python
  2    
  3    def main():
  4      i, sum = 1, 0
  5  ->    for i in xrange(100):
  6 B      sum = sum + i
  7      print sum
  8    
  9    if __name__ == '__main__':
10      main()
[EOF]

(Pdb) break d.main
d.py:3

(Pdb) list
  1    #!/usr/bin/python
  2    
  3 B  def main():
  4  ->    i, sum = 1, 0
  5      for i in xrange(100):
  6        sum = sum + i
  7      print sum
  8    
  9    if __name__ == '__main__':
10      main()
[EOF]

(Pdb) break d.py:6, sum > 50
Breakpoint 1 at d.py:6

(Pdb) step
> d.py(5)main()
-> for i in xrange(100):
(Pdb) pp sum
0

#!/usr/bin/python
import pdb

def main():
        i, sum = 1, 0
        for i in xrange(100):
                sum = sum + i
        pdb.set_trace()
        print sum

if __name__ == '__main__':
        main()

$ ./d.py
> d.py(9)main()
-> print sum
(Pdb)

#!/usr/bin/python
# check if a linux system running on a virtual machine (openvz/xen pv/uml)
# written by http://www.vpsee.com

import sys, os

def main():
    if os.getuid() != 0:
        print "must be run as root"
        sys.exit(0)

    # check OpenVZ/Virtuozzo
    if os.path.exists("/proc/vz"):
        if not os.path.exists("/proc/bc"):
            print "openvz container"
        else:
            print "openvz node"

    # check Xen
    if os.path.exists("/proc/xen/capabilities"):
        if (os.path.getsize("/proc/xen/capabilities") > 0):
            print "xen dom0"
        else:
            print "xen domU"

    # check User Mode Linux (UML)
    f = open("/proc/cpuinfo", "r"); t = f.read(); f.close()
    if (t.find("UML") > 0):
        print "uml"

if __name__=="__main__":
    main()

/*
* check if a linux system running on a virtual machine (vmware/xen hvm/kvm)
* written by http://www.vpsee.com
*/
#include stdio.h
#include string.h

#define HYPERVISOR_INFO 0x40000000

#define CPUID(idx, eax, ebx, ecx, edx) \
    asm volatile ( \
        "test %1,%1 ; jz 1f ; ud2a ; .ascii \"xen\" ; 1: cpuid" \
        : "=b" (*ebx), "=a" (*eax), "=c" (*ecx), "=d" (*edx) \
        : "0" (idx) );

int main(void)
{
        unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
        char string[13];

        CPUID(HYPERVISOR_INFO, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
        *(unsigned int *)(string+0) = ebx;
        *(unsigned int *)(string+4) = ecx;
        *(unsigned int *)(string+8) = edx;

        string[12] = 0;
        if (strncmp(string, "XenVMMXenVMM", 12) == 0) {
                printf("xen hvm\n");
        } else if (strncmp(string, "VMwareVMware", 12) == 0) {
                printf("vmware\n");
        } else if (strncmp(string, "KVMKVMKVM", 12) == 0) {
                printf("kvm\n");
        } else
                printf("bare hardware\n");

        return 0;
}

import smtplib
SMTPObj = smtplib.SMTP( [host [,port [,local_hostname]]] )

参数说明：

    host: SMTP 服务器主机。 你可以指定主机的ip地址或者域名如:i-it.info，这个是可选参数。
    port: 如果你提供了 host 参数, 你需要指定 SMTP 服务使用的端口号，一般情况下SMTP端口号为25。
    local_hostname: 如果SMTP在你的本机上，你只需要指定服务器地址为 localhost 即可。

SMTP.sendmail(from_addr, to_addrs, msg[, mail_options, rcpt_options)

参数说明：

    from_addr: 邮件发送者地址。
    to_addrs: 字符串列表，邮件发送地址。
    msg: 发送消息

这里要注意一下第三个参数，msg是字符串，表示邮件。邮件一般由标题，发信人，收件人，邮件内容，附件等构成，发送邮件的时候，要注意msg的格式。这个格式就是smtp协议中定义的格式。

import smtplib

send = '18717776124@163.com'
receivers = ['itchenyi@gmail.com']
UserPass = ['18717776124@163.com','%password%']

message = """From: From Person <18717776124@163.com>
TO: To Person <itchenyi@gmail.com>
Subject: SMTP e-mail test

This is a test email message.
"""

try:
    SMTPObj = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.163.com","25")
    SMTPObj.login('%s'%UserPass[0],"%s"%UserPass[1])
    SMTPObj.sendmail(send,receivers,message)
    SMTPObj.quit()
    print "Successfully sent email"
except:
    print "Error: unable to send email"

###Python发送HTML格式的邮件与发送纯文本消息的邮件不同之处就是将MIMEText中_subtype设置为html###
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

mailto_list = ["itchenyi@gmail.com"]
mail_host = "smtp.163.com"
##smtp server##
mail_user = "18717776124"
##username##
mail_pass = "%password%"
##password##
mail_postfix = "163.com"
##后缀##

def send_email(to_list,sub,content):
###定义收件人列表，主题，邮件内容###
me = "hello"+"<"+mail_user+"@"+mail_postfix+">"
###hello信息###
msg = MIMEText(content,_subtype='html',_charset='utf8')
###创建实例，设置为html格式##
msg['Subject'] = sub
###主题###
msg['From'] = me
msg['To'] = ";".join(to_list)
try:
s = smtplib.SMTP()
s.connect(mail_host)
s.login(mail_user,mail_pass)
s.sendmail(me,to_list,msg.as_string())
s.close()
return True
except Exception,e:
print str(e)
return False

if __name__ == '__main__':
if send_email(mailto_list,"hello","<a href="http://www.ipython.me">IT辰逸</a>"):
print "send Successfully"
else:
print "send Error"

from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
import smtplib

##创建一个带附件的实例##
msg = MIMEMultipart()

##构造附件##
att_one = MIMEText(open('D:\\testfile','rb').read(),'base64','utf8')
att_one["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att_one["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="testfile"'
msg.attach(att_one)

##构造附件##
att_two = MIMEText(open('D:\\testfile.zip','rb').read(),'base64','utf8')
att_two["Content-Type"] = 'applecation/octet-stream'
att_two["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="testfile.zip"'
msg.attach(att_two)

##邮件头##
msg['to'] = "itchenyi@gmail.com"
msg['from'] = '18717776124@163.com'
msg['subject'] = 'test email'

##发送邮件##
try:
    server = smtplib.SMTP()
    server.connect('smtp.163.com')
    server.login('18717776124@163.com','%password%')
    server.sendmail(msg['from'],msg['to'],msg.as_string())
    server.quit()
    print "send Successfully"
except Exception,e:
    print str(e)

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

send = '18717776124@163.com'
receiver = 'itchenyi@gmail.com'
subject = 'email test'
username = '18717776124@163.com'
password = '%password%'

msg = MIMEMultipart('related')
msg['subject'] = 'test email'

msgText = MIMEText('<b>Some <i>HTML</i> text</b> and an image.<br><img src="cid:image1"><br>good!','html','utf-8')
msg.attach(msgText)

fp = open('D:\\i-it.jpg','rb')
msgImage = MIMEImage(fp.read())
fp.close()

msgImage.add_header('Content-ID', '<image1>')
msg.attach(msgImage)

try:
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(send, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print "send Successfully"
except Exception,e:
print str(e)

import smtplib
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.image import MIMEImage

send = '18717776124@163.com'
receiver = 'itchenyi@gmail.com'
subject = 'python email test'
smtpserver = 'smtp.163.com'
username = '18717776124@163.com'
password = '%password%'

msg = MIMEMultipart('alternative')
msg['Subject'] = "Link"

text = "Hi!\nHow are you?"
html = """
Hi!
How are you?
"""

part1 = MIMEText(text, 'plain')
part2 = MIMEText(html, 'html')

msg.attach(part1)
msg.attach(part2)

att = MIMEText(open('d:\\i-it.jpg', 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
att["Content-Type"] = 'application/octet-stream'
att["Content-Disposition"] = 'attachment; filename="iit.jpg"'
msg.attach(att)

try:
smtp = smtplib.SMTP()
smtp.connect('smtp.163.com')
smtp.login(username, password)
smtp.sendmail(send, receiver, msg.as_string())
smtp.quit()
print "send Successfully"
except Exception,e:
print str(e)

class subprocess.Popen( args,
      bufsize=0,
      executable=None,
      stdin=None,
      stdout=None,
      stderr=None,
      preexec_fn=None,
      close_fds=False,
      shell=False,
      cwd=None,
      env=None,
      universal_newlines=False,
      startupinfo=None,
      creationflags=0)

#########################参数########################
args                                     字符串或者列表
bufsize                                  0 无缓冲,1 行缓冲,其他正值 缓冲区大小,负值 采用默认系统缓冲(一般是全缓冲)
executable                               args字符串或列表第一项表示程序名
stdin,stdout,stderr                      None 没有任何重定向，继承父进程,PIPE 创建管道,文件对象,文件描述符(整数),stderr 还可以设置为 STDOUT
preexec_fn                               只在Unix平台下有效，用于指定一个可执行对象（callable object），它将在子进程运行之前被调用。
close_fds                                如果close_fds被设置为True，则新创建的子进程将不会继承父进程的输入、输出、错误管 道。不能将close_fds设置为True同时重定向子进程的标准输入、输出与错误(stdin, stdout, stderr)。
shell                                    如果为真(unix下相当于args前面添加了 "/bin/sh" "-c"|window下，相当于添加"cmd.exe /c")
cwd                                      设置工作目录
env                                      设置环境变量
universal_newlines                       各种换行符统一处理成 '\n
startupinfo                              window下传递给CreateProcess的结构体
creationflags                            windows下，传递CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE创建自己的控制台窗口

###可以正常工作###
>>> subprocess.Popen(["cat","i-it"])

###不可以正常工作，如果是一整个字符串，则必须是程序的路径才行(因为Unix的API函数是Exec ,接受的是字符串列表)###
>>> subprocess.Popen(["cat i-it"])

###但如果shell = True 就可以工作啦###
>>> subprocess.Popen("cat /root/i-it",shell=True)
----这个相当于----(bash)
>>> subprocess.Popen(["/bin/sh", "-c", "cat i-it"])

import subprocess

def runCommandWithOutput(cmd,stdinstr = ''):
  p=subprocess.Popen(cmd, shell=True, universal_newlines=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE,stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT)
  #p.stdin.write(stdinstr)  
  stdoutdata, stderrdata = p.communicate(stdinstr)
  #p.stdin.close()
  return p.returncode, stdoutdata, stderrdata

>>> get = runCommandWithOutput("who")
>>> print get
(0, 'root     tty1         2014-06-24 05:51\nroot     pts/0        2014-06-24 05:51 (1.1.1.2)\n', None)

###很清晰了###
>>> test = subprocess.Popen("who",shell=True,stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
>>> test.stdout.readlines()
['root     tty1         2014-06-24 05:51\n', 'root     pts/0        2014-06-24 05:51 (1.1.1.2)\n']

Popen.send_signal(signal)
给子进程发送signal信号。
注意：windows下目前只支持发送SIGTERM，等效于下面的terminate() 。

Popen.terminate()
停止子进程。Posix下是发送SIGTERM信号。windows下是调用TerminateProcess()这个API。

Popen.kill()
杀死子进程。Posix下是发送SIGKILL信号。windows下和terminate() 无异。

Popen.stdin
如果stdin 参数是PIPE，此属性就是一个文件对象，否则为None 。

Popen.stdout
如果stdout参数是PIPE，此属性就是一个文件对象，否则为None 。

Popen.stderr
如果stderr 参数是PIPE，此属性就是一个文件对象，否则为None 。

Popen.pid
子进程的进程号。注意，如果shell 参数为True，这属性指的是子shell的进程号。
>>> test.pid
3367

Popen.returncode
子程序的返回值，由poll()或者wait()设置，间接地也由communicate()设置。
如果为None，表示子进程还没终止。
如果为负数-N的话，表示子进程被N号信号终止。（仅限*nux）